Bond On: FOR YOUR EYES ONLY

Bond had been through a testing period, but came back stronger than ever. The Spy Who Loved Me was massive. Moonraker was even bigger. How do you top Bond in space? The answer is that you don’t. James Bond would undergo another of its periodical creative resets as we return to a tighter, leaner espionage tale. Bond comes back down to Earth in For Your Eyes Only.

For Your Eyes Only – Behind The Scenes

Following the lead of Star Wars, Moonraker put Bond in space, and its success was astronomical. The movie took in $210 million at the box office, which was a record for a Bond movie all the way to 1995 when Goldeneye finally broke that mark. How does one possibly follow up on that?

Broccoli’s stepson, Michael G. Wilson, began to take on a bigger role in the production of the Bond films. He felt that trying to top Moonraker would lead to Bond getting more and more outlandish. He believed going back to the basics was the solution. For Your Eyes Only was an attempt to retreat from the excesses of The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker.

Broccoli agreed. He wanted to bring the budgets down and have Bond rely more on his wits than gadgets.

This desire for a harder-edged Bond meant that the original script, which had been prepared by Tom Mankiewicz and Christopher Wood for shooting following The Spy Who Loved Me, was tossed. Producers turned back to veteran Bond screenwriter Richard Maibaum.

At Maibaum’s suggestion, Wilson collaborated. They used Fleming short stories as their inspiration. For Your Eyes Only’s tale of murder and the consequences of revenge was weaved together with Risico and its Greek Island-setting tale of smugglers. A scene from the novel Live and Let Die also made it into the story, in the form of Bond being dragged behind a boat.

This time John Glen would get his turn in the director’s chair. Glen worked the second unit on three previous Bond films. He was also determined to move away from the huge battle scenes in giant arenas that his predecessor, Lewis Gilbert, preferred. Glen was fully on board with the attempt to take Bond back to basics and tap into unused parts of his mythology. He said:

“We had gone as far as we could into space. We needed a change of some sort, back to the grass roots of Bond. We wanted to make the new film more of a thriller than a romp, without losing sight of what made Bond famous—its humour.”

Glen decided to symbolically represent this with a scene where Bond’s Lotus blows itself up and forces Bond to make his escape in Melina’s standard Citroën 2CV. The Lotus’s “anti-theft” device was reportedly a big hit with audiences in cities where car thefts were a problem.

Ken Adam was unavailable this go around, working on Pennies From Heaven, so Peter Lamont stepped up in Adam’s absence. Lamont had worked on the previous nine Bond movies. While Adam was extravagant and modern in his designs, Lamont had a much more grounded, realistic take on set design. All of this was baked into the leaner approach for the film.

At this stage, they didn’t even have a 007. Roger Moore had a three-picture deal that expired with The Spy Who Loved Me. He negotiated a one-picture deal for Moonraker. Moore was two years older than Connery, and by this time some said his age started to show. He was also slow to firmly commit to returning.

As a result, producers investigated other actors for the role. Lewis Collins was considered, known for his role as Bodie in the UK TV series The Professionals. Ian Ogilvy, known for his role as Simon Templar in Return of the Saint was in the running. Michael Billington, who previously appeared in The Spy Who Loved Me as Agent XXX’s lover, Sergei Barzov, would test for the role, as well. This was one of his five screen tests, at various times, for the role of 007.

Timothy Dalton was said to be Cubby’s favorite. Dalton had already been talked to for On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. He declined, as he felt he was too young back then. This time, thinking the producers were not seriously looking, he declined again.

When Moore discovered that Broccoli screen-tested actors without his knowledge, he was furious. He announced to the British press that he would not play Bond again. Cubby called his bluff, saying if Moore was that upset, then he still clearly cared about the role. Broccoli was right, and Moore negotiated yet another single-picture deal to return as James Bond just two weeks later.

With their reliable Bond back in the saddle, it was time to cast the other roles.

Italian actress Ornella Muti (Flash Gordon) was considered for the role of Melina. She demanded her costume designer, Wayne Finkelman, also be hired by the production. Clearly not understanding that you never placed conditions on Cubby Broccoli, her terms were unacceptable.

French actress Carole Bouquet was recommended by Eon’s VP of marketing, Charles Juroe. Once she came in for testing, Glen immediately saw her as the type of woman who could be a crossbow-wielding assassin, driven to revenge.

Julian Glover was picked for the villain. Glover had worked with Moore previously on The Saint. At one time, Glover had even been considered for Bond, but he was too young. When Connery quit the second time, Glover was considered too old. Getting to be a Bond villain is not a bad consolation prize, however. Throw in the fact that Glover also got to be the bad guy in an Indiana Jones movie, and he is in rarified air.

Meanwhile, Topol got cast by being in the right place at the right time. He was at a party attended by Broccoli and his wife, Dana. Dana looked at Topol and told Broccoli the man would be perfect for the Milos Columbo character.

Lynn-Holly Johnson was brought in as Bibi. Originally she was to have a romantic relationship with 007. Moore had his doubts, however. He was cognizant enough about his age to know that viewers probably wouldn’t buy him with such a young girl, so the character was re-written to have something of an unrequited crush on Bond.

After filming Moonraker, Bernard Lee was diagnosed with stomach cancer. He sadly passed away in January 1981. Shooting had already begun on For Your Eyes Only, but Lee was unable to film any scenes as M. Out of respect, Broccoli refused to have the role recast. Instead, the script was re-written so that the character is said to be on leave, with Chief of Staff Bill Tanner taking over the role as acting head of MI6, delivering the mission briefing to Bond alongside the Minister of Defense.

Cassandra Harris was cast as Columbo’s mistress. Her husband came to visit her on set. Harris’s husband just happened to be Pierce Brosnan. Apparently one of the women on set, so taken with Brosnan’s dashing good looks, asked “Who is that?” To which Cubby replied:

“Whoever he is, if he can act, then he could be the next James Bond!”.

Another interesting casting note is that one of the assembled ladies around Gonzales’ swimming pool, Caroline Cossey (who went by the professional name of Tula) was once a he! Cossey had a variation of XXXY Syndrome, which led to the transition.

Michael Gothard was cast as Locque, the henchman and assassin. Gothard would parlay this casting into what is perhaps the ultimate achievement, starring in Lifeforce. The character of Locque led to some friction between Moore, Wilson, and Glen. Moore was a little uncomfortable with the harder-edged and more ruthless Bond required for this story. He balked at 007 killing Locque in cold blood. Moore preferred to toss him the dove pin and have that overbalance the car.

Wilson disagreed. He wanted a Bond as a killer in that scene. Eventually, Glen entered the discussion, as well. He sided with Wilson more so than Moore, and the scene now features Bond kicking Locque, in his car, to his doom.

Disagreements among the cast were not the only sticking points the filmmakers encountered. When the crew showed up in the Greek location of Meteora to film the climax, the monks who lived in the monasteries on top of the rocks caused problems. Apparently, the filmmakers thought they had a deal with the local bishop. The monks disagreed. To interfere with filming, the monks covered the roofs of their buildings with sheets and other items. The problem eventually went to court, and locals considered taking the law into their own hands by scaling the mountains and kicking the monks out. Glen sidestepped much of the drama by simply building a location on an unused peak.

Once filming recommenced, Moore had to contend with his fear of heights. He reportedly got through his work at the location with valium and warm beer.

For the fall off the mountain, the production returned to Rick Sylvester, who did the ski jump in The Spy Who Loved Me. Sylvester’s main concern was the sudden jerk when he ran out of rope. To solve this problem, special effects and miniature wizard Derek Meddings stepped up to the plate. He devised a system of sandbags in a trough to dampen the sudden deceleration Sylvester would encounter. The hardest part for Sylvester ended up being letting go of the rope because all of his training was to never let go of the rope.

Another Greek location, Corfu, would stand in for Spain for the scenes set at Gonzalez Spanish villa, and the subsequent chase.

Alongside these Greek locations, Bond returned home. The previous film had been forced to be shot almost entirely outside of the United Kingdom due to the left-wing Labour government’s punishing tax regime. Following an election, the new Conservative Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, was pushing through dramatic tax cuts, so the shoot returned to Britain and was based, once again, at Pinewood studios. Almost all interiors were shot in Pinewood Studios, as well as the explosion of the spy ship St Georges. which was done with a miniature in Pinewood’s tank on the huge 007 Stage.

During shooting, Glen put his stamp all over the film. He choreographed many of the action scenes and even developed his own signature. All Glen-directed Bond films contain pigeons bursting out unexpectedly and frightening Bond. Perhaps, this is where John Woo got his idea to use doves.

It was also Glen’s idea to have Bond visit Tracey’s grave in the beginning of the film. This sequence was originally designed to introduce the new actor in the role of 007, as Moore was not signing on. The idea was that the new actor would be immediately established as the same Bond, through reference to his deceased wife. Thus continuity would be established.

Another callback was the return of somebody that, for legal reasons, cannot be referred to in any way as Blofeld. The constant, ongoing legal disputes between Eon Productions and Thunderball co-writer Kevin McClory meant that McClory held the rights to Blofeld and SPECTRE on the big screen.

The character of Stromberg in The Spy Who Loved Me was originally supposed to have been Blofeld, but lawyers forced the change. Broccoli grew weary of these ongoing battles. Also, rumors were swirling that McClory was once again close to getting a rival Bond production off the ground. As a result, the legally un-named character with the bald head, untrustworthy foreign accent, and white cat was unceremoniously disposed of by Bond before the opening credits. A blunt, and public “Fuck You!” to McClory.

John Hollis plays this bald villain in the wheelchair, voiced by Peter Marinker. The character is named and the actors are uncredited. There is no reference made to the character at all in the credits.

Director John Glen got the idea for the remote control helicopter while walking in the studio one day. He saw one of the tech’s children playing with a remote control car.

To get the helicopter to fly into the building was the work of Derek Meddings. Production found buildings big enough to use a helicopter inside, but they couldn’t find buildings with an opening big enough to fly a helicopter through. Meddings decided to create the illusion of it happening with a foreground miniature. A full-size helicopter was then mounted on a track system within the building for filming of that part of the sequence.

From up in the sky to under the sea, For Your Eyes Only runs the full gamut of locations. When it came to the underwater scenes, filmmakers ran into a problem, however. Bouquet could not dive due to sinus problems. This was solved by simulating being underwater using slow motion, wind machines, and super-imposed bubbles. Once again, it was Meddings with the solution. He is really the unsung hero of For Your Eyes Only.

When it came to the car chases, this was famed French stunt driver Remy Julienne’s first foray into Bond, which resulted in him and his sons working on six Bond films. Julienne and his sons also rode the motorcycles in the ski sequences.

Another famous Bond stunt alumni got a cameo in the film. The unlucky henchman who blows up when Bond’s Lotus self-destructs was none other than Bob Simmons. Simmons is famous in Bond circles as the man who first portrayed Bond in the gun barrel openings of the first three movies. He also appeared as SPECTRE agent Colonel Jacques Bouvar in Thunderball.

Willie Bogner from On Her Majesty’s Secret Service and The Spy Who Loved Me was also back to do the ski stunts. The challenge was to top his previous work. It was his idea to ski down the bobsled run. Glen didn’t think it would work because the bobsled would go so much faster than Bogner. Glen’s solution? He asked Bogner if he would be willing to be tied to the bobsled while it rocketed down the run…

“Great idea!” Bogner said.

In the same scene Victor Tourjansky, the assistant director, has his third cameo as the drinking tourist. Charles Dance makes an appearance as the right-hand man to East German assassin and bi-athlete Eric Kriegler.

The final scene features a comical cameo from Prime Minister Thatcher and her husband, portrayed by Janet Brown and John Wells. They were famously mimicking the duo on British television at the time.

All of the work paid off. For Your Eyes Only was an instant smash. It also further cemented James Bond’s place as a truly critic-proof franchise. The same critics who had been sniffy about Bond’s over-the-top antics recently were also critical of this movie and its move towards a more serious tone, proving you can’t keep them happy so should never try.

Audiences didn’t care. They flocked to see it. It would set an opening day record for ticket sales in British cinema. It brought in $195 million on a $28 million budget. For Your Eyes Only set the course for Bond into the 1980s.

Do You Expect Us To Talk?

Stark: We have reached that point in Bond movies where they actually hit cinemas, VHS rental, and TV when we were alive and having our first forays into the world of 007 as young whippersnappers. This means we will now be able to bore our fellow Outposters once again with anecdotes about seeing these movies for the first time.

Wrenage: Your wish is my command! I remember seeing For Your Eyes Only in the theater. I recall staring at the poster while waiting in line at the ticket counter. The poster promised great things: helicopters, planes, skiing, a diving-suit monster, and the possibility of Bond battling a giant woman with a crossbow. Alas, the giant woman didn’t appear, but I was thoroughly entertained regardless. I recall riding in the back of the car on the way home from the theater with total clarity. It was one of those long June nights, and the sky was still orange after 9:30 p.m. Olivia Newton-John’s Magic played on the radio. Good times.

Stark: I didn’t catch this one in the theater for some reason. My story around this one revolves around my grandparents being the proud owners of a new VCR. I went to stay with them for a week in the summer at about 11 years old. Once the initial joy at having me around had worn off, they realized they had no idea how to keep me entertained.

The local video store came to the rescue, and I ended up renting and watching about three movies a day. My Grandmother turned out to be a Bond fan, and we watched a lot of them together. For Your Eyes Only had just dropped on VHS and off we went to get it. My grandma took one look at that cover and declared it wasn’t suitable for an 11-year-old boy.

She wasn’t alone. The buttock-revealing effect was achieved by having the model wear a pair of bikini bottoms backward, so the part seen over her backside is actually the front.

The UK may have been having a moral panic over “Video Nasties” at the time, but the puritan and chaste US was having a flap all of its own with this poster. The Boston Globe and Los Angeles Times considered the poster so unsuitable they edited out everything over the knee. The Pittsburgh Press went even further, painting on a pair of shorts!

Either way, a couple of days later I went back with my grandfather who had no such qualms. For Your Eyes Only was rented, and I discovered what remains, to this day, one of my favorite Roger Moore outings.

Wrenage: Now that I know the giant woman is wearing her bathing suit backwards, I can’t unsee it. I may add this move to my wardrobe repertoire. It should be an effective attention-getter. As for For Your Eyes Only, it is an effective melding of a Connery-style Bond with a Moore-style Bond. It even has a bit of the Lazenby Bond thrown in, as well.

Despite the fact For Your Eyes Only was to be a scaled-back Bond after the spectacles of The Spy Who Loved Me and Moonraker, it is still packed to the gills. One moment you are in the warm climes of Greece, the next you are on the snowy ski slopes. Blink and you are underwater. Blink again and you are on a mountaintop. The viewer gets whiplash from all of the places For Your Eyes Only takes them.

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